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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
(January - February 2026)
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210
Vol. 37. Issue 1.
(January - February 2026)
Investigación clínica
Riesgo de ictus hemorrágico en pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Risk of haemorrhagic strokes in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and metaanalysis
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210
Luis Ayerbea,b,
Corresponding author
l.garcia-morzon@qmul.ac.uk

Autor para correspondencia.
, Quintí Foguet-Boreuc,d, Ivo Forgnonee, María Pérez-Piñarb, Rohini Mathura, Salma Ayisf
a Centre of Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
b Ramón y Cajal Health Centre, Madrid, España
c Department of Psychiatry, Vic University Hospital, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
d Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
e Canal de Panama Health Centre, Madrid, España
f School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Tables (1)
Tabla 1. Descripción de los estudios incluidos en la revisión. *RR obtenido por los autores a partir del CP originalmente reportado en el estudio
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Resumen
Objetivos

Evidencia científica del mayor nivel sobre el riesgo de ictus hemorrágico en las personas con trastornos psiquiátricos podría informar intervenciones clínicas más efectivas, así como estudios futuros. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar todos los estudios que comparan el riesgo de ictus hemorrágico en pacientes con y sin depresión, ansiedad, esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar o trastornos de la personalidad, y proporcionar una estimación del riesgo, siempre que fuera posible, mediante metaanálisis.

Métodos

Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, desde el inicio de la base hasta el 11 de marzo de 2025. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para estimar el riesgo con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.

Resultados

Se identificaron inicialmente 17.214 referencias. Finalmente, se incluyeron en la revisión 11 artículos. Siete de ellos (5 estudios observacionales y 2 de aleatorización mendeliana) investigaban la depresión. En el metaanálisis, la depresión mostró una asociación significativa con un riesgo incrementado de ictus hemorrágico, con un cociente de riesgo (CR): 1,28 (1,19-1,38) al incluir solo estudios observacionales, y CR: 1,26 (1,08-1,44) al añadir los estudios de aleatorización mendeliana. Uno de los 3 estudios de pacientes ansiosos, y uno de los 3 de esquizofrénicos, presentaron un riesgo aumentado de ictus hemorrágico. Dos estudios informaron que los pacientes con trastorno bipolar o trastorno de la personalidad no tienen un riesgo aumentado de ictus hemorrágico.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con depresión presentan un mayor riesgo de ictus hemorrágico. La asociación de las enfermedades mentales con el ictus hemorrágico requiere más investigación.

Palabras clave:
Ictus hemorrágico
Trastorno depresivo
Trastorno por ansiedad
Trastornos mentales
Esquizofrenia
Abstract
Objectives

Strong evidence on the risk of haemorrhagic strokes for those with psychiatric conditions may lead to more effective interventions for mental health patients and inform future studies. This systematic review aimed to identify all the studies that compare the risk of haemorrhagic stroke for patients with and without depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar or personality disorders. It also aimed to provide a summary estimate of the risk, where possible, using meta-analysis.

Methods

Electronic searches were conducted in Embase, PsycINFO, PubMED, Scopus and the Web of Science, from database inception to the 11th of March 2025. A Random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size with 95% confidence intervals was used.

Results

Seventeen thousand, two hundred fourteen references were initially identified. Eleven articles were included. Seven of them, five observational and two mendelian randomisation studies, investigated depression. In the meta-analysis depression showed a significant association with an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke, with pooled HR: 1.28 (1.19-1.38) when only observational studies were included. When mendelian randomisation studies were added the result was a pooled HR: 1.26 (1.08-1.44). The risk of haemorrhagic stroke was increased in one of the three studies that investigated patients with anxiety disorders and in one of the three that looked at patients with schizophrenia. Two studies of bipolar disorder, and one of personality disorders, reported that patients with these conditions do not have an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusion

Patients with depression have an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke. The association of mental illness with haemorrhagic stroke needs further research.

Keywords:
Haemorrhagic stroke
Depressive disorder
Anxiety disorders
Mental disorders
Schizophrenia

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