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Rare Atlantoaxial Dislocation Secondary to Os Odontoideum: A Comparative Study of Orthotopic and Dystopic Variants with Two Representative Cases
Luxación atlantoaxial rara secundaria a os odontoideo: Estudio comparativo de variantes ortópicas y distópicas con dos casos representativos
Tong Yi1,a, Chongxi Xu2,a, Jinmei Li3,
Corresponding author
lijinmei@wchscu.cn

Correspondence author
, Junpeng Ma4,
Corresponding author
majunpeng@scu.edu.cn

Correspondence author
1 Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
4 Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract

Atlantoaxial dislocation often results in upper cervical spinal cord compression, which may lead to significant neurological impairment. Among these, os odontoideum (OO) is a rare anomaly where the odontoid is replaced by a separate ossicle. Case one describes a 36-year-old male with dystopic OO presented a 4-month history of progressive incomplete quadriparesis. Radiological evaluation confirmed the presence of atlantoaxial dislocation associated with basilar invagination and OO, demonstrating an ossified structure with functional fusion between the free odontoid segment and the basion. Case two involves a 56-year-old female with orthotopic OO manifesting as cervical pain and arm weakness. Imaging studies revealed OO with anterior atlantoaxial dislocation. Dynamic radiographs demonstrated synchronous movement of the free odontoid ossicle with the anterior arch of C1 during flexion-extension. This study compares the clinical manifestations, radiographic features, treatment approaches, and outcomes between orthotopic and dystopic OO variants in patients, providing clinically relevant insights for management decisions.

Key words:
Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Os Odontoideum
Orthotopic
Dystopic
Resumen

La luxación atlantoaxial suele provocar compresión de la médula espinal cervical alta, lo que puede generar discapacidad neurológica significativa. Entre estas, el os odontoideo (OO) es una anomalía rara donde el odontoides es reemplazado por un osículo independiente. El primer caso describe a un hombre de 36 años con OO distópico que presentó cuadriparesia incompleta progresiva durante 4 meses. La evaluación radiológica confirmó luxación atlantoaxial asociada a invaginación basilar y OO, mostrando una estructura osificada con fusión funcional entre el segmento odontoideo libre y el basión. El segundo caso corresponde a una mujer de 56 años con OO ortópico que manifestó dolor cervical y debilidad en brazos. Los estudios de imagen revelaron OO con luxación atlantoaxial anterior. Las radiografías dinámicas demostraron movimiento sincrónico del osículo odontoideo libre con el arco anterior de C1 durante la flexo-extensión. Este estudio compara las manifestaciones clínicas, características radiológicas, enfoques terapéuticos y resultados entre las variantes ortópica y distópica del OO, ofreciendo perspectivas clínicamente relevantes para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Luxación atlantoaxial
Os odontoideo
Ortópico
Distópico

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