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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 84-88 (March - April 2021)
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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 84-88 (March - April 2021)
Caso clínico
Neumoencéfalo a tensión, una extraña complicación del uso de oxígeno en neonatos. Descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Tension pneumocephalus, an uncommon complication of oxygen therapy in preterm newborns. Presentation of a case and literature review
Paula Román-Pena
Corresponding author
paula.roman.pena@sergas.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Jose María Santín-Amo, Ramón Serramito-García, Miguel Gelabert-González
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
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Tabla 1. Revisión de los casos recogidos en la literatura de neumoencéfalo no traumáticos
Resumen

El neumoencéfalo a tensión es una complicación extremadamente rara en el uso de la ventilación a presión positiva en el neonato, cuyo diagnóstico requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica.

Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido prematuro, que recibió oxígeno a través de cánulas nasales de alto flujo debido a enfermedad de membrana hialina, propia de su prematuridad, y que desarrolló signos clínicos de hipertensión intracraneal. La ecografía transfontanelar y la TAC craneal pusieron de manifiesto un importante neumoencéfalo a tensión que fue evacuado a través de punción directa a través de la fontanela anterior.

Palabras clave:
Neumoencéfalo a tensión
Prematuro
Cánulas nasales de alto flujo
Evacuación transfontanelar
Abstract

Tension pneumocephalus is an extremely rare complication of positive-pressure ventilation in neonates, the diagnosis of which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present the case of a preterm newborn, who received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy because of hyaline membrane disease, due to his prematurity, and developed clinical signs of intracranial hypertension. Transfontanellar ultrasound and cranial CT scan revealed significant tension pneumocephalus, which was evacuated with direct needle puncture through the anterior fontanelle.

Keywords:
Tension pneumocephalus
Preterm
Newborn
High-flow nasal cannula
Transfontanellar evacuation

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