Journal Information
Vol. 27. Issue 5.
Pages 245-257 (September - October 2016)
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Vol. 27. Issue 5.
Pages 245-257 (September - October 2016)
Artículo de revisión
Historia de la craneotomía
History of the craniotomy
José Manuel González-Darder
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
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Resumen

La craneotomía es el procedimiento neuroquirúrgico de apertura craneal amplia con el fin de realizar una actuación terapéutica quirúrgica en el espacio intracraneal. La técnica actual de la craneotomía es el resultado de la evolución de la misma desde su introducción a finales del sigloxix. El primer abordaje craneal amplio fue descrito por Wagner en 1889 como una «resección craneal temporal», que podría denominarse ahora «craneotomía osteoplástica con colgajo óseo pediculado». Para abrir el cráneo se han usado desde entonces múltiples sistemas manuales, mecánicos y motorizados que son revisados. El resultado final de este largo proceso de mejora es la «craneotomía osteoplástica de colgajo óseo libre» que se realiza en la actualidad de forma universal. En el presente trabajo revisamos la evolución histórica de la craneotomía desde el punto de vista de la técnica quirúrgica utilizada.

Palabras clave:
Apertura craneal temporal
Craneotomía
Craneotomía osteoplástica
Abstract

Craniotomy can be defined as the neurosurgical procedure aimed at achieving a wide cranial opening with the final purpose of performing a surgical therapeutic manoeuvre within the intracranial space. The current surgical technique for craniotomy is the final result of the development of the procedure since its introduction at the end of the 19th century. The very first wide cranial approach was introduced in 1889 by Wagner, and described as a ‘temporary cranial resection’. This procedure could be named today as ‘osteoplastic craniotomy with pedicle bone flap’. The final result of the procedural development of the craniotomy is the ‘osteoplastic craniotomy with free bone flap’, used widely around the world. In this paper, we review the historic evolution of craniotomy from a technical perspective.

Keywords:
Temporary cranial resection
Craniotomy
Osteoplastic craniotomy

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