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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 10-14 (January - February 2016)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 10-14 (January - February 2016)
Investigación clínica
Incidencia y causas de finalización anticipada de la cirugía con paciente despierto para mapeo del lenguaje, no relacionadas directamente con la elocuencia
Incidence and causes of early end in awake surgery for language mapping not directly related to eloquence
Gloria Villalbaa,
Corresponding author
Gloriavillalbamartinez@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Susana Pacreub, Juan Luis Fernández-Candilb, Alba Leónc, Laura Serranoa, Gerardo Conesaa
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
b Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
c Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
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La incidencia y causas que pueden hacer finalizar de manera anticipada (sin finalizar el mapeo cortical/subcortical) la cirugía con paciente despierto para mapeo del lenguaje son poco conocidas. Se ha estudiado una serie de 41 pacientes con glioma en área del lenguaje en los que se ha realizado craneotomía y mapeo del lenguaje bajo sedación consciente. En 6 pacientes se tuvo que finalizar la cirugía de manera anticipada. Las causas fueron: crisis tónico-clónica (1), falta de colaboración por cansancio/sueño (4) con afectación o no en la articulación de la palabra, disminución del nivel de consciencia en contexto de encefalopatía por amonio que obligó a la intubación orotraqueal (1). Hay causas de finalización anticipada de la cirugía que podrían preverse y en algunos casos evitarse. La extensión de la lesión, la presencia de una afasia preoperatoria, el tratamiento con valproato y el tipo de anestesia empleado son variables a considerar para evitar el fracaso de la cirugía con paciente despierto para mapeo del lenguaje. Ante los resultados obtenidos, se proponen las siguientes medidas: l) si la lesión es extensa realizar la cirugía en dos tiempos para evitar el cansancio, 2) si el paciente presenta afectación del lenguaje previa, no utilizar sedación durante la cirugía para evitar que la somnolencia empeore la articulación de la palabra, 3) en pacientes en tratamiento con valproato habría que descartar que la sintomatología preoperatoria no se deba a una encefalopatía por amonio.

Palabras clave:
Afasia
Área elocuente
Craneotomía con paciente despierto
Glioma cerebral
Mapeo lenguaje
Sedación consciente
Abstract

The incidence and causes that may lead to an early end (unfinished cortical/subcortical mapping) of awake surgery for language mapping are little known. A study was conducted on 41 patients with brain glioma located in the language area that had awake surgery under conscious sedation. Surgery was ended early in 6 patients. The causes were: tonic-clonic seizure (1), lack of cooperation due to fatigue/sleep (4), whether or not word articulation was involved, a decreased level of consciousness for ammonia encephalopathy that required endotracheal intubation (1). There are causes that could be expected and in some cases avoided. Tumour size, preoperative aphasia, valproate treatment, and type of anaesthesia used are variables to consider to avoid failure in awake surgery for language mapping. With these results, the following measures are proposed: l) If the tumour is large, perform surgery in two times to avoid fatigue, 2) if patient has a preoperative aphasia, do not use sedation during surgery to ensure that sleepiness does not cause worse word articulation, 3) if the patient is on valproate treatment, it is necessary to rule out the pre-operative symptoms that are not due to ammonia encephalopathy.

Keywords:
Aphasia
Eloquence area
Awake surgery
Brain glioma
Language mapping
Conscious sedation

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