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Vol. 12. Issue 6.
Pages 499-508 (January 2001)
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Vol. 12. Issue 6.
Pages 499-508 (January 2001)
Hemorragia subaracnoidea secundaria a aneurismas disecantes de la arteria vertebral. Descripción de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura
Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial vertebral artery dissection. Description of two cases and review of the literature
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P.A. Gómez
, R.D. Lobato, A. Lagares, J.F. Alén
Servicios de Neurocirugía. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid
J. Campollo*
* Servicios de Neurorradiología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Hasta la fecha ésta es una enfermedad de evolución desconocida, debido a su rareza. En este trabajo se revisa el estado actual del manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de esta entidad y se resalta el resultado obtenido con la embolización con “coil” GDC.

Métodos

Se describen dos casos de aneurisma disecante de la arteria vertebral intracraneal que debutaron con hemorragia subaracnoidea. Uno de ellos debutó inicialmente con una isquemia y posteriormente como una HSA; el segundo debutó como una HSA grave, y fue tratado con embolización con “coil” GDC obteniéndose una buena evolución clínica.

Conclusiones

La hemorragia subaracnoidea secundaria a rotura de un aneurisma disecante de la arteria vertebral es una patología poco conocida que tiene unas peculiaridades propias que deben ser tenidas en cuenta. La incidencia de resangrado inicial es muy elevada (hasta el 60%), por lo que es fundamental su diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Clásicamente el tratamiento preferido ha sido la oclusión vertebral proximal a la disección; sin embargo, la reciente introducción de la embolización con “coil” GDC ha supuesto una gran ayuda en la oclusión de la disección, con escasa morbilidad y buen resultado final.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Arteria vertebral
Aneurismas disecantes
Terapia endovascular
Embolización coil Guglielmi
Summary
Objectives and introduction

The pathogenesis and natural history of intracranial vertebral artery dissection remain uncertain up to now due in part to its relative rarity. In this article we review the state of the art of this process and remark the good outcome obtained with embolization using Guglielmi detachable coiling (GDC).

Methods

Two cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of a vertebral dissection aneurysms are described. The first patient initially suffered brain stem infarction, followed by a subarachnoid hemorrhage a year later. The second patient who had a severe subarachnoid hemorrhage with two early rebleedings was successfully treated with embolization using GDC.

Conclusions

Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of vertebral dissecting aneurysm is a relatively unknown disease with some important aspects that should be known. The high incidence of early rebleeding (up to 60%), makes early diagnosis and treatment important goals. Classically the preferred treatment has been proximal vertebral artery occlusion. However, the recent introduction of embolization with GDC has made possible the occlusion of the dissection with very good final outcome.

Key words:
Suarachnoid hemorrhage
Vertebral artery
Dissection
Endovascular therapy
Coil GDC

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