Journal Information
Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 159-166 (July - August 2017)
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Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 159-166 (July - August 2017)
Clinical Research
Factors related to shunt survival in paediatric hydrocephalus. Could failure be avoided?
Factores relacionados con la supervivencia del shunt en hidrocefalia pediátrica. ¿Es posible prevenir el fallo valvular?
Sara Iglesiasa,
Corresponding author
siglesias95@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Bienvenido Rosa, Álvaro Martína, Antonio Carrascoa, Miguel Seguraa, Angela Rosa, Francisca Riusb, Miguel Ángel Arráeza
a Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
b Statistics Department, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Demographic, aetiological, clinical and first surgery factors in the patients who experienced shunt failure and those who did not.
Table 2. Multivariate analysis of factors related to first shunt failure (Logistic Regression).
Table 3. Multivariate analysis of factors related to shunt survival (Cox regression).
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Abstract
Background

Improved shunt survival and a better understanding of factors related to failure in paediatric hydrocephalus still pose a challenge for neurosurgeons, in order to avoid morbidity and mortality, as well as the economic impact of repeated revision surgeries. For these reasons, an analysis is performed on the factors related to the first shunt failure in the long-term follow-up of a series in a single centre.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on 166 hydrocephalic paediatric patients shunted for the first time between 2000 and 2014. An analysis was made of the statistical relationships between first shunt failure and the demographic, aetiological, surgical and clinical variables.

Results

Of the 166 shunts implanted in our centre during the study period, 111 required revision over a mean follow-up period of 93 months. Factors significantly related to failure were post-haemorrhagic and post-infectious hydrocephalus, meningitis episode, posterior burr hole, differential pressure valve, standard catheter in first surgery, and symptomatic over-drainage. Multivariable analysis showed that previous meningitis and symptomatic over-drainage were risk factors for shunt failure, whereas frontal burr hole location and antibiotic-impregnated catheters were protective factors. Cox regression determined that independent factors significantly related to a worse shunt survival, were shunt infection and symptomatic over-drainage.

Conclusions

Meningitis, symptomatic over-drainage, frontal burr hole, and antibiotic impregnated catheters are significant prognostic factors for shunt survival. Shunt infection and symptomatic over-drainage are independent factors significantly related to a shorter shunt survival. Prospective, randomised, controlled trials are required to validate these results.

Keywords:
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Over-drainage
Shunt failure
Outcome
Risk factor
Resumen
Antecedentes

Mejorar la supervivencia del shunt y conocer los factores relacionados con el fallo valvular continúa siendo un reto en neurocirugía pediátrica, con el propósito de evitar la morbimortalidad y el impacto económico de las revisiones valvulares repetidas. Por este motivo, se estudiaron los factores relacionados con el primer fallo valvular en una serie propia con un seguimiento prolongado.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 166 pacientes pediátricos con hidrocefalia derivada por primera vez entre los años 2000-2014. Se analizó la asociación estadística entre el primer fallo valvular y las variables demográficas, etiológicas, quirúrgicas y clínicas.

Resultados

De 166 válvulas implantadas durante el periodo de estudio, 111 requirieron revisión en un seguimiento medio de 93 meses. Los factores relacionados de forma significativa con el fallo valvular fueron las etiologías posthemorrágica y postinfecciosa; una meningitis previa; trépano posterior, válvula de presión diferencial o catéter estándar en la primera intervención, y sobredrenaje sintomático. El análisis multivariante mostró que la meningitis previa y el sobredrenaje sintomático fueron factores de riesgo para la disfunción valvular, mientras que el trépano frontal y los catéteres con impregnación antibiótica fueron factores protectores. La regresión de Cox determinó que la infección del shunt y el sobredrenaje sintomático fueron los factores relacionados de forma independiente con una menor supervivencia valvular.

Conclusiones

Meningitis, sobredrenaje sintomático, trépano frontal y catéteres de impregnación antibiótica son factores pronósticos significativos en la supervivencia valvular. La infección del shunt y el sobredrenaje sintomático son factores independientes relacionados de forma significativa con una menor supervivencia valvular. Estudios controlados, prospectivos y aleatorizados son necesarios para validar estos resultados.

Palabras clave:
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Sobredrenaje
Fallo valvular
Pronóstico
Factor de riesgo

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