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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 137-142 (May - June 2015)
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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 137-142 (May - June 2015)
Artículo de revisión
Quistes aracnoideos: embriología y anatomía patológica
Arachnoid cysts: Embriology and pathology
Mario García-Condea,
Corresponding author
mgconde_huc@yahoo.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Lucia Martín-Viotab
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, España
b Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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Resumen

Existe en la actualidad todavía mucha controversia en cuanto al origen de los quistes aracnoideos. En el caso de los quistes aracnoideos congénitos, la teoría más aceptada es aquella que explica cómo se forman a partir del desarrollo anómalo de la membrana aracnoidea, la cual se desdobla facilitando la acumulación de líquido cefalorraquídeo en su interior, dando lugar a un quiste. Esta teoría parece explicar el origen de los quistes aracnoideos de convexidad y silvianos, mientras que aquellos en otras localizaciones podrían ser debidos a otras causas. En el estudio anatomopatológico se aprecia que la pared de los quistes aracnoideos difiere poco de la membrana aracnoidea normal, pudiendo estar engrosada debido a un aumento de depósito de material colágeno.

Exponemos el desarrollo embriológico normal de la aracnoides, las alteraciones que se producen en dicho desarrollo y que condicionan la formación de los quistes aracnoideos describiendo sus hallazgos anatomopatológicos más característicos.

Palabras clave:
Quistes aracnoideos
Malformaciones congénitas
Embriología del sistema nervioso central
Anatomía cerebral
Líquido cefalorraquídeo
Espacio subaracnoideo
Abstract

There is still great controversy surrounding the origin of the arachnoid cyst. The most accepted theory in the case of congenital cysts explains how they are formed from an anomalous development of the arachnoid membrane, which is unfolded allowing the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside and creating a cyst. This theory seems to explain the origin of convexity and sylvian cistern arachnoid cysts, whereas those in other locations might be due to other mechanisms. In the anatomopathological analysis, the arachnoid cyst wall can be seen as having few differences from normal, although thickened due to an increase quantity of collagenous material.

A description of the embryological development of the arachnoid layer and cyst formation is presented, describing the main anatomopathological findings.

Keywords:
Arachnoid cyst
Congenital malformations
Central nervous system embryology
Brain anatomy
Cerebrospinal fluid
Subarachnoid space

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