Journal Information
Vol. 24. Issue 5.
Pages 197-203 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 24. Issue 5.
Pages 197-203 (September - October 2013)
Investigación clínica
Una técnica simple y segura para el tratamiento de las rinolicuorreas por pequeños defectos: colgajo libre de superposición «overlay» de mucosa nasal
A simple and reliable technique for the treatment of rhinoliquorrhoea from small defects: Free nasal mucosa overlay graft
Miguel Armengot
Corresponding author
miguel.armengot@uv.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, M. José Gómez-Gómez, Ainhoa García-Lliberós
Hospital General Universitario, Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Departamento de Cirugía, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
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Tabla 1. Resumen de nuestra casuística
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Introducción

Las fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo hacia las cavidades nasosinusales (rinolicuorreas) constituyen un proceso con dificultades diagnósticas y también terapéuticas. El abordaje transnasal endoscópico es el método de elección, pero con numerosas variantes posibles. El objeto de este trabajo es hacer una revisión crítica del protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico que nosotros aplicamos desde hace 11años.

Material y métodos

Treinta y un pacientes intervenidos. El diagnóstico se fundamenta en el análisis bioquímico de la rinorrea, la TAC y la RNM. Tratamiento: se realiza mediante cirugía endoscópica tras la inyección intratecal preoperatoria de 2cc de fluoresceína al 5%. El cierre se efectúa mediante un injerto libre de mucosa de cornete medio superpuesta, «overlay».

Resultados

Dos pacientes presentaron meningitis como primer signo. En todos los pacientes se diagnosticó la rinolicuorrea mediante el análisis bioquímico del moco. La TAC y la RNM dieron indicios claros para la localización del punto de fuga. El defecto basicraneal fue siempre menor de 1cm. La fluoresceína permitió visualizar la zona fistulosa sin necesidad de otros instrumentos y no tuvo efectos secundarios. Un paciente sufrió un absceso frontal en el postoperatorio que evolucionó favorablemente. Todas las fístulas se cerraron y solo hubo una recidiva a los 10años que empezó como una meningitis neumocócica.

Discusión y conclusiones

Nuestro protocolo quirúrgico, fundamentado en el uso de fluoresceína intratecal y la colocación de un injerto libre de mucosa nasal sobrepuesto —«overlay»— sobre la zona fistulosa consigue resultados muy satisfactorios a largo plazo para el tratamiento de las rinolicuorreas por pequeños defectos basicraneales.

Palabras clave:
Fístula
Meningitis
Absceso frontal
Fluoresceína
Colgajo libre
Mucosa nasal
Abstract
Introduction

Cerebrospinal fluid leaks to the sinonasal cavities (rhinoliquorrhoea) represent a process with diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The endoscopic transnasal approach is the method of choice, but with many possible variants. The purpose of this paper was to make a critical review of our diagnostic and therapeutic protocol used for 11years.

Material and methods

We operated on 31patients. The diagnosis was based on the biochemical analysis of rhinorrhoea, CT and MRI. Treatment: endoscopic nasal surgery after preoperative intrathecal injection of 5% fluorescein (2cc). Closure was performed using a free overlay graft from middle turbinate mucosa.

Results

Two patients had meningitis as the first sign. All patients were diagnosed by biochemical analysis of rhinorrhoea. CT and MRI gave clear evidence of the leakage location. The skull base defect was always less than 1cm. Fluorescein allowed clear visualisation of the fistulous area without other instruments and produced no side effects. One patient had a postoperative frontal abscess, which evolved favourably. All fistulas were closed and there was only one recurrence at 10years, which debuted as pneumococcal meningitis.

Discussion and conclusions

Our surgical protocol, based on the use of intrathecal fluorescein and free grafting of middle turbinate mucosa overlay onto the fistulous area, achieves successful long-term results in the management of rhinoliquorrhoea secondary to small skull base defects.

Keywords:
Fistula
Meningitis
Frontal abscess
Fluorescein
Free flap
Nasal mucosa

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