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Vol. 23. Issue 6.
Pages 219-225 (November 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 6.
Pages 219-225 (November 2012)
Abordaje endonasal endoscópico extendido a la base del cráneo
Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to skull base
Omar López-Arbolaya,
Corresponding author
arbolay@infomed.sld.cu

Autor para correspondencia. arbolay@infomed.sld.cu
, Justo González-Gonzáleza, Jorge Luis Rojas-Manresaa
a Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, La Habana, Cuba
Article information
Abstract
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Objetivos

Se han desarrollado diversos abordajes a la base del cráneo utilizando el seno esfenoidal como corredor quirúrgico. El uso del endoscopio ha facilitado extender los límites tradicionales del abordaje transesfenoidal clásico, tanto en el plano sagital como en el plano coronal. En este trabajo revisamos los resultados de nuestra casuística aplicando este nuevo recurso.

Método

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una serie de 127 pacientes con lesiones de base de cráneo, operados por abordajes endonasales endoscópicos extendidos en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde enero del 2007 hasta diciembre del 2010. El estudio se centró en el análisis de variables como: tipo de lesión, abordaje quirúrgico, grado de resección de la lesión y complicaciones quirúrgicas.

Resultados

Las lesiones intervenidas fueron: 61 adenomas invasivos, 26 meningiomas, 21 craneofaringiomas, 10 cordomas, 4 fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo, 2 lesiones malignas, 2 orbitopatías tiroideas y un meningoencefalocele. En las lesiones tumorales el índice de resección total fue del 82,5%, con mejores resultados en los craneofaringiomas (90,5%), seguidos de los adenomas invasivos (85,2%) y los meningiomas (84,6%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la diabetes insípida (8,6%), la meningoencefalitis (3,9%) y la hidrocefalia (3,9%). La mortalidad fue del 3,9%.

Conclusiones

El abordaje endonasal endoscópico extendido es una alternativa exitosa en casos seleccionados con lesiones de base de cráneo. Como técnica y tecnología en desarrollo podría llegar a prevalecer en el futuro para tratar lesiones quirúrgicas en esta región.

Palabras clave:
Abordajes endoscópicos extendidos
Base del cráneo
Tumor
Objective

Different approaches to the skull base have been developed through the sphenoidal sinus. Traditional boundaries of the trans-sphenoidal approach can be extended in antero-posterior and lateral plane. We review our experience with extended endoscopic endonasal approach in 127 cases.

Methods

We used the extended endoscopic endonasal approach in 127 patients with different lesions of the skull base. This study specifically focuses on: type of lesions, surgical approach, outcome and surgical complications.

Results

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach was used in 127 patients with following lesions: 61 invasive adenomas to cavernous sinus, 10 clival chordomas, 21 craniopharyngiomas, 26 meningiomas, 4 cerebrospinal fluid leakages, one meningoencephalocele, 2 malignan lesions and 2 thyroid ophthalmopathy. In tumoral lesions gross total resection was achieved in 82.5%, with better results in craniopharyngiomas 90.5%, followed by invasive adenomas with 85.2%, and meningiomas with 84.6%. The most frequent complications were the insipid (8.6%) diabetes, meningoencefalitis (3.9%) and the hydrocephalic (3.9%). Mortality was 3.9%.

Conclusions

The extended endoscopic endonasal approach is a promising minimally invasive alternative for selective cases with skull base lesions. As techniques and technology advance this approach may become the procedure of choice for most lesions and should be considered an option in the management of the patients with these complex pathologies by skull base surgeon.

Keywords:
Extended endoscopic approach
Skull base
Toumor

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