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Vol. 23. Issue 6.
Pages 226-233 (November 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 6.
Pages 226-233 (November 2012)
Lesiones traumáticas aisladas del nervio axilar. Experiencia en 4 casos de transferencia nerviosa radial y revisión de la literatura
Isolated traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve. Radial nerve transfer in four cases and literatura review
Miguel Domínguez-Páeza,
Corresponding author
dr.m.dominguezpaez@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia. dr.m.dominguezpaez@gmail.com
, Mariano Socolovskyb, Gilda Di Masib, Miguel Ángel Arráez-Sáncheza
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
b Sección de Cirugía de Nervios Periféricos y Plexo, División de Neurocirugía, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Objective

To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made.

Materials and methods

Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982.

Results

One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve.

Conclusions

Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when spontaneous recovery is not verified 6 months after the trauma. Primary repair with grafts is the most popular surgical technique, with a rate of success of approximately 90%. The preliminary results of a nerve transfer employing the long triceps branch are similar, and a definite comparison of both techniques with a bigger number of cases should be done in the future.

Keywords:
Isolated injury of the axillary nerve
Radial nerve transfer
Shoulder abduction palsy
Objetivos

Analizar los resultados de una serie de 4 casos de lesión traumática aislada de nervio axilar reparada quirúrgicamente mediante neurotización radial. Asimismo se realiza una extensa revisión de las series publicadas hasta la actualidad en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la parálisis traumática aislada del nervio axilar.

Material y métodos

Presentamos una serie de 4 pacientes, con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y los 42 años, con una lesión traumática aislada de nervio axilar, intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a una transferencia nerviosa radial-axilar entre el sexto y el octavo mes del traumatismo. Además, se realiza una revisión de las series quirúrgicas de lesión aislada del nervio axilar desde 1982.

Resultados

Tras un periodo de seguimiento mínimo de un año todos los pacientes mejoraron la abducción del hombro afecto entre 30 y 120°, con un promedio de 70°, mostrando un balance muscular M4 del Medical Research Council. Ninguno refirió debilidad muscular significativa en el tríceps ipsilateral a la lesión. Estos resultados, a pesar de la escasa casuística, son similares a los obtenidos con neurorrafia con injerto al analizar las series publicadas.

Conclusiones

Las lesiones aisladas del nervio axilar son poco frecuentes. El tratamiento quirúrgico se recomienda ante la ausencia de recuperación clínico-neurofisiológica tras 6 meses desde el traumatismo. La neurorrafia con injerto es la técnica más utilizada, con un éxito próximo al 90%. La neurotización axilar con la rama a la porción larga al tríceps del nervio radial es una alternativa terapéutica en estos casos. En futuros estudios debería realizarse una comparación entre ambas técnicas para aclarar estadísticamente este tema.

Palabras clave:
Lesión aislada del nervio axilar
Transferencia radial
Parálisis de la abducción del hombro

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