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Vol. 23. Issue 5.
Pages 182-190 (September 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 5.
Pages 182-190 (September 2012)
¿Existen diferencias en el manejo neuroquirúrgico de las lesiones intracraneales en la paciente gestante? Resultados de nuestra experiencia y revisión de la literatura
Do differences exist in the neurosurgical handling of intracranial lesions of pregnant patient? Outcomes of our experience and literature review
Miguel Ángel Caminero-Canasa,
Corresponding author
mikel1972@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia. mikel1972@hotmail.com
, José Francisco Navarro-Monchoa, Víctor Fernández-Cornejoa, José Sánchez-Payáb, Pedro Moreno-Lópeza
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
b Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Objetivo

El objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo es revisar nuestra experiencia neuroquirúrgica en la paciente gestante y realizar una revisión de la literatura para optimizar el manejo neuroquirúrgico en este tipo de pacientes.

Método

Estudio retrospectivo entre agosto de 1993 y junio de 2010. Se incluyen aquellas pacientes que se encontraban en período de gestación y presentaban alguna entidad neuroquirúrgica craneal o raquídea.

Resultados

Fueron documentadas 12 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 37 años, con una media de edad de 28,8 años. La media de semanas de gestación fue de 24,17, encontrándose el 50% de las pacientes en el tercer trimestre de embarazo en el momento del diagnóstico, el 25% en el segundo trimestre y el otro 25% en el primer trimestre. El seguimiento medio de las pacientes fue de 84 meses. Cuatro de las 12 pacientes presentaron patología vascular cerebral, cinco presentaron lesiones tumorales cerebrales, una paciente presentó contusiones hemorrágicas tras traumatismo craneoencefálico, un caso de malformación de Chiari y una hernia discal lumbar. Ocho de las 12 pacientes se sometieron a procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos bajo anestesia general, 2 a embolización aneurismática y otras 2 a tratamiento conservador. De los procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos se realizaron 6 craneotomías entre las que destacan 4 para exéresis tumoral y 2 para clipaje aneurismático. Los otros 2 procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos fueron un abordaje transesfenoidal y una microdiscectomía lumbar. A su vez, 2 de las 6 pacientes sometidas a craneotomía precisaron de colocación de derivación ventricular externa (DVE) previa a la cirugía. Se realizaron 5 cesáreas electivas en el grupo de pacientes a las que se les realizó craneotomía, mientras que en el resto se dejó llevar el embarazo a término por falta de maduración pulmonar fetal. En nuestra serie no tuvimos ningún caso de aborto terapéutico. No se encontró morbimortalidad materna ni fetal intraoperatoria.

Conclusiones

En nuestra experiencia en pacientes gestantes con lesiones neuroquirúrgicas, y en la experiencia aportada de la revisión de la literatura, la cirugía de lesiones intracraneales es bien tolerada por la madre y el feto. El parto por cesárea previo a la cirugía si el feto presenta maduración pulmonar se debe tener presente.

Palabras clave:
Embarazo
Manejo neuroquirúrgico
Feto
Aneurisma
Tumor
Objective

The main objective of our work is to revise our neurosurgical experience in pregnant patient and to carry out a revision of the related literature in order to optimize the neurosurgical handling of these kind of patients.

Method

Retrospective study between august 1993 and June 2010. We included patients who were pregnant at the time and who presented any trace of cranial neurosurgical or spinal disease.

Results

The research includes the cases of 12 patients aged between 17 and 37 years old with an average age of 28.8 years old. The average gestation period was of 24.17 weeks, finding 50% of the patients within their third three-month period of pregnancy at the moment of diagnosis, 25% in their second three-month period and the remaining 25% in their first three-month period. The mean follow-up duration for this series was 84 months. 4 of them presented brain vascular lesions, 5 presented brain tumor lesions, 1 of them presented Chiari malformation, one lumbar disc herniation and 1 patient suffered from traumatic intracraneal hemorrhage. 8 of the 12 patients were subjected to neurosurgical procedures under general anesthetic, 2 for aneurysm embolizations and 2 for conservative treatments. Between the neurosurgical procedures 6 craniotomies were done, of wich 4 were to resection of the tumor and 2 for aneurysm clippings. There were done a transesfenoidal approach and a lumbar microdiscectomy. 2 of the 6 patients given craniotomies required external ventricular drainage before the operation. 5 elective cesareans were done in the group of patients given the craniotomies whilst of the rest the pregnancy was allowed to bring to term for reasons of pulmonary maturity. In our patients there were no cases of therapeutic abortion. There was found no morbidity no mortality neither in the mother nor in the fetus related to surgery.

Conclusions

In our experience with pregnant patients who suffered from neurosurgical lesion and in the experience we got from the revision of the related literature, the surgery of intracranial lesions is well tolerated by the mothers and the fetus. It must though be considered, the possibility of labor through cesarean depending on the fetus’ lung maturity.

Keywords:
Pregnancy
Neurosurgical management
Fetus
Aneurysm
Tumor

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