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Vol. 23. Issue 4.
Pages 170-174 (July 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 4.
Pages 170-174 (July 2012)
Ciatalgia secundaria a endometriosis extrapélvica del músculo piriforme. A propósito de un caso
Sciatica secondary to extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the piriformis muscle. Case report
Miguel Domínguez-Páeza,
Corresponding author
dr.m.dominguezpaez@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia. dr.m.dominguezpaez@gmail.com
, Luis Segundo de Miguel-Pueyoa, Juan Manuel Medina-Imbrodaa, Laura González-Garcíaa, Vanessa Moreno-Ramírezb, Alvaro Martín-Gallegoa, Mariano Socolovskyc, Miguel Ángel Arráez-Sáncheza
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
c Servicio de Neurocirugía, Sección de Nervios Periféricos y Plexo, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Article information
Abstract
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Objetivos

Mostrar un caso de compresión sintomática del nervio ciático derecho a nivel de la escotadura ciática secundaria a una endometriosis en el músculo piriforme y realizar una revisión de los casos publicados en la literatura.

Material y métodos

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años con un cuadro de ciática derecha crónica de 2 años de evolución: el primer año episódica y coincidente con la menstruación, el segundo año constante y con un trastorno de la marcha por debilidad de la musculatura dependiente del músculo ciático. Como causa de la mononeuropatía (demostrada por estudio neurofisiológico) se objetivó en RM y PET una masa a nivel de la escotadura ciática con un aumento del metabolismo de las estructuras adyacentes. Con la finalidad de liberar el nervio y obtener muestra para diagnóstico histológico se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente a la paciente.

Resultados

Se procedió a un abordaje transglúteo, neurólisis externa del nervio ciático y resección de un quiste de sangre evolucionada a nivel del músculo piriforme, informado como endometriosis en el examen histológico. Tras la cirugía la paciente refirió una resolución de la ciática.

Conclusiones

La compresión extrapélvica del nervio ciático secundaria a una endometriosis adyacente es un cuadro muy infrecuente. La presencia de signos denervativos neurofisiológicos y la ausencia de un diagnóstico histológico obligan a la exploración quirúrgica de la zona de compresión con la finalidad de liberar el nervio, resecar la causa de la compresión y obtener un diagnóstico definitivo, lo cual redundará en una mejora importante del cuadro clínico de la paciente.

Palabras clave:
Endometriosis extrapélvica
Endometriosis ciática
Endometriosis piriforme
Ciática episódica
Objective

We present a case report of symptomatic compression of the right sciatic nerve notch, secondary to piriformis muscle endometriosis, as well as a literature review.

Material and methods

We report the case of a 29-year-old woman with 2-year evolution of right chronic sciatica. During the first year, symptoms were episodic and associated with menstruation. During the second year, sciatica was constant and associated with gait disorder due to sciatic musculature weakness. Mononeuropathy was proved by a neurophysiological study, with MRI and PET studies revealing a mass in the sciatic notch and regional pathological increase in metabolic activity. Surgical treatment was performed in order to release the nerve and obtain a histological sample.

Results

The patient was treated by a transgluteal approach, with external neurolysis of the sciatic nerve and resection of an old-blood cyst at the level of the piriformis muscle. This was subsequently reported as endometriosis by histological examination. The sciatica was resolved after surgery.

Conclusions

Extrapelvic sciatic nerve compression by adjacent endometriosis is very infrequent. Muscle denervation and lack of a histological diagnosis led to surgical exploration of the compression area in order to release the nerve, resect the cause of compression and obtain a definitive diagnosis. The procedure improved all symptoms.

Keywords:
Extrapelvic endometriosis
Sciatic endometriosis
Piriformis muscle endometriosis
Cyclic sciatica

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