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Vol. 23. Issue 4.
Pages 145-150 (July 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 4.
Pages 145-150 (July 2012)
Dispositivo para inserción percutánea del catéter distal en la derivación ventriculoatrial. Reporte técnico
Device for percutaneous insertion of a distal catheter in ventriculo-atrial shunt. Technical report
Jorge Arturo Santos-Francoa,
Corresponding author
jorge_santos@unam.mx

Autor para correspondencia. jorge_santos@unam.mx
, Julio Dávila-Romeroa, Miguel Antonio Sandoval-Balanzarioa, Rafael Saavedra-Andradea, Carlos Rangel-Moralesa, Oswaldo Escobar-Molinaa, Ramón López-Lópeza
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
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Introducción y objetivos

El sistema de derivación ventriculoatrial está indicado en el tratamiento de algunos casos de hidrocefalia. El catéter distal se suele insertar a la aurícula derecha mediante la disección venosa cervical. La inserción percutánea ha sido descrita con éxito, sin embargo su uso no está mundialmente extendido. El objetivo es describir las modificaciones del catéter distal del sistema de derivación ventriculoatrial, la técnica para su colocación percutánea y la evolución clínica.

Material y métodos

Se modificó el catéter distal tras su uso en 4 especímenes animales. Se diseñó «sobre la guía» (over the wire) y se disminuyó su flexibilidad, y además se agregaron accesorios al equipo. Luego se utilizó en humanos bajo ligeras modificaciones de la técnica de punción yugular. Se evaluaron las complicaciones, el tiempo operatorio y la evolución durante 6 meses.

Resultados

Durante un año se trataron 6 pacientes adultos portadores de hidrocefalia en quienes el peritoneo ya no podía ser receptor del líquido cefalorraquídeo. No se presentaron complicaciones y el tiempo operatorio medio fue de 34min (incluyendo la colocación del catéter proximal). La hidrocefalia remitió.

Conclusiones

La técnica percutánea ha demostrado ser útil: disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico y presenta un muy bajo índice de complicaciones. Al parecer, las modificaciones hechas al catéter distal no provocan complicaciones y se evita el uso de otros materiales diseñados para otros propósitos. Se requieren más casos para realizar un análisis definitivo.

Palabras clave:
Hidrocefalia
Derivación ventriculoatrial
Derivación ventriculoperitoneal
Percutáneo
Vena yugular
Aurícula derecha
Introduction and objectives

A ventriculo-atrial shunt is indicated for the treatment of some hydrocephalus cases. The distal catheter is usually inserted into the right atrium through cervical venous dissection. Percutaneous insertion has been described with success; however its use is not widespread. The aim of this work is to describe modifications in the distal catheter of a ventriculo-atrial shunt, the technique for its percutaneous insertion and the clinical outcome of the process.

Material and methods

The distal catheter was modified after its use in 4 animal specimens. It was designed «over the wire», with its flexibility being reduced and accessories being added. The device was subsequently used in humans, with slight modifications of the jugular vein catheterization technique. We evaluated complications, surgical time and outcome during 6months.

Results

In the course of one year, 6adult patients in whom the peritoneum was no longer receiving cerebrospinal fluid were treated for hydrocephalus. The mean operating time was 34minutes (including proximal catheter insertion). There were no complications and ventricular size improved.

Conclusions

The percutaneous technique has proved useful: it reduces surgical time and has a very low rate of complications. Apparently, modifications made in the distal catheter caused no complications and avoided the use of other materials designed for other purposes. More cases are required to perform a definitive analysis.

Keywords:
Hydrocephalus
Ventriculo-atrial shunt
Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
Percutaneous
Jugular vein
Right atrium

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