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Vol. 23. Issue 2.
Pages 60-69 (March 2012)
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Vol. 23. Issue 2.
Pages 60-69 (March 2012)
Implantación de la lista de verificación quirúrgica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud modificada para el paciente neuroquirúrgico, experiencia inicial en 400 casos
Establishment of a modified surgical safety checklist for the neurosurgical patient, Initial experience in 400 cases
Rousinelle Da Silva-Freitasa, Ruben Martín-Laeza, César Baldomero Madrazo-Lealb, Maikal Villena-Martina, Idoya Valduvieco-Juaristia, José Ángel Martínez-Agüerosa, Alfonso Vázquez Barqueroa
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Unidad de Raquis Quirúrgico, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, España
b Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, España
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Tabla 1. - Análisis causa-raíz. Agrupación de factores causales y potenciales causas-raíz
Tabla 2. - Incidentes detectados y evolución de los mismos durante el estudio
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Introducción: Las complicaciones de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, así como los errores asociados a éstos, son una causa importante de morbilidad. En un intento de minimizarlos, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha propuesto una serie de medidas aplicables tanto a pacientes médicos como quirúrgicos. Entre estas últimas destaca la lista de verificación quirúrgica (LVQ), un breve cuestionario que, sin incrementar el gasto hospitalario, resulta accesible a todos los centros quirúrgicos y es adaptable a las necesidades de cada uno de ellos.

Objetivos: Valorar la efectividad de la implantación de la LVQ de la OMS modificada en la mejora de la seguridad del paciente neuroquirúrgico y de la calidad de su atención en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel.

Material y métodos: La LVQ fue aplicada a una serie de 400 cirugías programadas entre mayo de 2009 y mayo de 2010. Durante los primeros 6 meses se realizaron 183 procedimientos quirúrgicos (grupo 1). Los incidentes detectados durante este período fueron sometidos a un análisis causa-raíz (ACR), introduciéndose medidas correctoras de acuerdo con sus resultados. Doscientas diecisiete cirugías fueron realizadas en los 6 meses posteriores (grupo 2).

Resultados: Aparecieron 51 incidencias que afectaron a 44 procedimientos (11%). El 88,2% de estas incidencias pudieron ser subsanadas precozmente, sin repercusión sobre la cirugía. En el grupo 1 se produjeron incidencias en el 15,3% de las intervenciones. El ACR demostró causas-raíz de origen humano en el 37,8%, problemas de equipamiento y material en el 29,7%, y causas organizativas en el 21,6%. En el grupo 2 se detectaron incidencias en el 7,4% de los procedimientos (p = 0,01). Las medidas correctoras previnieron la aparición de eventos perioperatorios en una de cada 13 intervenciones.

Conclusiones: La LVQ es una herramienta efectiva a la hora de mejorar la seguridad del paciente neuroquirúrgico y puede implantarse en los servicios quirúrgicos de cualquier hospital sin incrementar los gastos hospitalarios ni alargar el tiempo quirúrgico.

Palabras clave:
Análisis causa-raíz
Eventos adversos
Lista de verificación quirúrgica
Neurocirugía
Seguridad del paciente

Introduction: Adverse events during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and medical errors associated with them are an important source of patient morbidity. In an attempt to reduce these, the WHO has proposed a series of measures applicable to medical and surgical patients. Within these last ones is the surgical safety checklist (SSC), a brief questionnaire that does not increase healthcare costs, is accessible to all surgical centres and can be adapted to each specific environment.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of establishing a modified WHO SSC on the safety and quality of care of the neurosurgical patient in a third-level university hospital. Material and methods: The SSC was applied to a series of 400 scheduled surgeries between May 2009 and May 2010. During the initial 6 months, 183 surgical procedures were performed (group 1). All adverse events detected in this period were studied with a root-cause analysis methodology (RCA) and, according to its results, corrective measures were introduced. After that, 217 procedures were performed (group 2).

Results: We recorded 51 events in 44 surgeries (11%). We were able to correct 88.23% of them before surgery was initiated, avoiding any consequence in the normal management of the case. In Group 1, incidents were noted in 15.3% of the procedures. The RCA suggested that 37.8% of the events had a human cause, followed by problems related to material resources and equipment in 29.7%, and organisational reasons in 21.6%. Incidence of events was reduced in group 2 to 7.4% (P=.01). Corrective measures prevented the appearance of perioperative events in 1 out of 13 procedures.

Conclusions: The SSC is an effective tool for improving safety in neurosurgical patients, which can be established in surgical departments of any hospital without increasing healthcare costs or operative time.

Keywords:
Root-cause analysis
Adverse events
Surgical safety checklist
Neurosurgery
Patient safety

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