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Vol. 22. Issue 6.
Pages 600-604 (January 2011)
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Vol. 22. Issue 6.
Pages 600-604 (January 2011)
Tuberculoma intracraneal simulando neoplasia maligna. Caso clinico y revision de la literatura
Intracranial tuberculoma simulating a malignant tumor: Case report and literature review
J.A. Álvarez-Salgado, J.A. Ruiz-Ginés, C.D. Fuentes-Ventura, A.G. Gonzales-Sejas, J.M. Belinchón de Diego, F. González-Llanos Fernández de Mesa, A. Rodríguez de Lope-Llorca
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Virgen de la Salud. Toledo
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Resumen
Introducción

Las manifestaciones extrapulmonares de la tuberculosis (TBC) que afectan al Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) por diseminación hematógena no son una entidad infrecuente. El tuberculoma es un proceso inflamatorio granulomatoso que radiológicamente, en raras ocasiones, simula un tumor maligno. A continuación se expone el caso y la revisión de la literatura sobre un tuberculoma gigante frontal derecho que simula un tumor maligno.

Caso clínico

Mujer de 64 años de edad que ingresa en nuestro hospital tras varias semanas de cefalea acompañada de trastornos del comportamiento y discreta hemiparesia derecha. Las imágenes de RMN cerebral mostraban una lesión frontal izquierda sugestiva de tumor maligno. Las imágenes de TAC mostraban afectación ósea. En la cirugía se observó una lesión nodular y avascular con posterior confirmación anatomopatológica de inflamación granulomatosa altamente sugestiva de tuberculoma. La PCR frente a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex confirmó el diagnóstico. Los tuberculomas intracraneales son una forma poco frecuente de tuberculosis del SNC. El pronóstico está relacionado con el diagnóstico precoz, el grado de resección quirúrgica y el tratamiento complementario con fármacos antituberculosos.

Conclusiones

Exponemos una presentación poco frecuente de un tuberculoma cerebral gigante que mediante RMN nos hizo pensar en un tumor maligno. La TAC mostró la infiltración ósea. El diagnóstico definitivo puede establecerse en base a los resultados anatomopatológicos de la biopsia cerebral o mediante la detección del ADN de Mycobacterium tuberculosis por PCR.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculoma
Neurocirugía
Infiltración ósea
PCR
Summary
Introduction

Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis involving the central nervous system (CNS) due to haematogenous spread are not a rare entity. Tuberculoma is a granulomatous inflammatory process mimicking in rare occasions a malignant neoplasm radiologically. The authors report a case of a giant right frontal tuberculoma mimicking a malignant tumor and review the literature.

Case report

A sixtyfour-year-old women with several weeks of headache and behavior alterations admitted at the hospital with light right hemiparesis. The MRI showed a left frontal tumor suggestive of a malignant tumor. CT showed bone infiltration. At surgery, a nodular, avascular lesion was found and pathological examination confirmed granulomatous inflammation suspecting tuberculoma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific PCR assay confirmed diagnosis. Intracranial tuberculoma is an uncommon variety of central nervous system tuberculosis. The prognosis is related to the early diagnosis, surgical resection and the complementary antituberculosis treatment.

Conclusions

We present the unusual presentation of a giant brain tuberculoma which MRI led us to believe was a malignant tumor. Computed Tomography revealed bone infiltration. Positive diagnosis could be established on the basis of the pathology results of a brain biopsy or detection of DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the PCR study.

Key words:
Tuberculoma
Brain
Surgery
Bone infiltration
PCR

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