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Vol. 22. Issue 5.
Pages 439-444 (January 2011)
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Vol. 22. Issue 5.
Pages 439-444 (January 2011)
Recidiva a distancia de craneofaringioma intervenido. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Ectopic relapse of an operated craniopharyngioma. Case report and review of the literature
M.A. Roldán-Serrano, M.J. Katati, B. Iáñez-Velasco, C. Sánchez-Corral, A. Altuzarra-Corral, J.L. Lara-Cantalejo
Servicios de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada
C. García-López*
* Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada
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Resumen
Introducción

El craneofaringioma es un tumor embrionario de la región selar y/o supraselar derivado de células fusiformes de la bolsa de Rathke. Aunque la forma clásicamente propuesta para la recidiva tras el tratamiento es a nivel locorregional, se ha descrito, en raras ocasiones, la posibilidad de recidiva ectópica fuera de esta localización, bien por siembra directa de células durante la cirugía en el campo quirúrgico, bien por diseminación celular a través de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). Se presenta el caso de una paciente con metástasis en el lóbulo frontal de un craneofaringioma previamente intervenido diez años antes y se revisan los casos similares publicados en la literatura hasta la fecha.

Resultados

Una revisión sistemática de la literatura ha permitido encontrar 21 casos publicados previamente. La siembra celular directa fue el mecanismo de implantación más frecuente. En todos, el tratamiento de elección fue la resección quirúrgica completa, cuando esta fue posible. El tiempo de latencia entre la primera cirugía y la recidiva ectópica varió entre 1 y 21 años.

Conclusiones

Es interesante tener presente en el diagnóstico diferencial la posibilidad de recidiva ectópica de craneofaringioma en pacientes que hayan sido intervenidos de este tipo de tumor y que presenten una nueva masa en sistema nervioso central (SNC). Dado el largo tiempo de latencia que puede transcurrir entre la resección de un craneofaringioma y su recidiva, se hace necesario un seguimiento largo de estos pacientes mediante pruebas periódicas de imagen.

Palabras clave:
Craneofaringioma
Recidiva ectópica
Summary
Introduction

Craniopharyngioma is an embrionary tumor of the sellar and/suprasellar region derived from fusiform cells of Rathke’s cleft. Although locoregional relapse is the way classically proposed for relapse after treatment, it has been described, in a few cases, the possibility of ectopic relapse out of the sellar-suprasellar region, by direct seeding of cells during surgery on the surgical field, or by cell dissemination in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is proposed to report the case of a patient with relapse of a craniopharyngioma in the frontal lobe, who was previously operated ten years after, as well as to review the similar cases reported in the literature to the date.

Results

A systematic review of the literature has allowed to find 21 cases previously reported. Direct cellular seeding was the most frequent implantation mechanism. In all cases, the preferred treatment was radical surgical removal when this was possible. The time of latency between first surgery and relapse differed from 1 to 21 years.

Conclusions

It is interesting, in the differential diagnosis, to bear in mind the possibility of ectopic relapse of craniopharyngioma in patients who have been operated because of this type of tumor and who present a new mass in nervous central system (CNS). In view of the long time of latency that can pass between the resection of a craniopharyngioma and his relapse, there becomes necessary a long follow-up of these patients by periodic imaging tests.

Key words:
Craniopharyngioma
Ectopic recurrence

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