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Vol. 22. Issue 2.
Pages 116-122 (January 2011)
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Vol. 22. Issue 2.
Pages 116-122 (January 2011)
Vasoespasmo sintomático. Caracterización clínica
Symptomatic Vasospasm. Clinical manifestations
C.E. Scherle-Matamoros, J. Pérez-Nellar, L. Fernández-Cue
Unidad de Ictus. Servicio de neurología, Hospital CQ “Hermanos Ameijeiras”. Ciudad Habana, Cuba
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Resumen
Introducción

El vasoespasmo sintomático en la hemorragia subaracnoidea es una complicación de difícil diagnóstico en algunas situaciones clínicas.

Objetivos

Describir las características clínicas de un grupo de pacientes con HSA aneurismática, que presentaron vasoespasmo sintomático demostrado en los estudios neurovasculares.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron 19 enfermos con vasoespasmo sintomático, evaluados con DTC y con alguna variante de estudio neurovascular con inyección de contraste. Todos los casos se encontraban en grados entre I y III de la escala de la Federación Mundial de Cirujanos Neurológicos.

Resultados

Los síntomas y signos cognitivo conductuales fueron las manifestaciones más frecuente del vasoespasmo (53%), seguido del déficit neurológico focal (26%). Las manifestaciones clínicas ocurrieron como promedio entre el 9no y 10mo día de evolución. El vasoespasmo predominó en las arterias de la circulación anterior. La mortalidad elevada (42%) y el antecedente de hipertensión arterial caracterizó el grupo con vasoespasmo sintomático. No se encontró relación estadística entre el resultado de la escala de Fisher y la isquemia cerebral por vasoespasmo. Todos los parámetros del DTC evaluados tuvieron significación estadística.

Conclusiones

Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes en el vasoespasmo sintomático son de tipo cognitivo conductuales. Este grupo de enfermos se caracteriza por una elevada mortalidad. El DTC es una prueba de gran utilidad en el seguimiento de estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Ictus
Isquemia cerebral tardía
Vasoespasmo
Doppler transcraneal
Summary
Introduction

Symptomatic vasospasm in the setting of a subarachnoid hemorrhage is a complication of difficult diagnosis in some clinical situations. Objectives. Describe the clinical characteristics of cerebral vasospasm demonstrated by neurovascular studies in patients with ruptured saccular aneurysm.

Patients and methods

19 consecutive patients with symptomatic vasospasm, evaluated with TCD and any variant of neurovascular study with contrast injection. All these cases were in degrees between 1 and 3 of the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale.

Results

The cognitive and behavioral manifestations were the most frequent (53%), followed by neurological focal deficits (26%). Clinical vasospasm occurred most frequently between day 9 and 10. Vasospasm is predominant in the arteries of the anterior circulation. The high mortality (42%) and the antecedent of arterial hypertension characterized the group with symptomatic vasospasm. There was no statistical relationship between the result of the scale of Fisher and the symptomatic vasospasm. All the TCD parameters had statistical significance.

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations more frequently associated with symptomatic vasospasm were cognitive and behavioral. This group of patients is characterized by a high mortality. The TCD is a test of great value to predict cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm.

Key words:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Stroke
Delayed ischemic deficit
Vasospasm
Transcraneal Doppler

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