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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 58-65 (January 2008)
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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 58-65 (January 2008)
Claudio Galeno y los ventrículos cerebrales. Parte I, los antecedentes
Claudio Galeno and the lateral ventricles
F. Martínez
, G. Decuadro-Sáenz
Departamento de Anatomía. Facultad de Medicina de Montevideo. Uruguay
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Resumen

Claudio Galeno es considerado uno de los padres de la medicina occidental. Por el entorno cultural y religioso en el cual estaba inmerso, se duda de que haya disecado cadáveres y se piensa que la mayoría de sus aportes al conocimiento anatómico provengan del estudio de monos.

En este trabajo, los autores analizan la teoría anatomofuncional de Galeno sobre los ventrículos cerebrales. Dado que muchos de los conceptos galénicos provienen de sus antecesores (y en particular de la medicina hipocrática), la presentación del mismo se hace en dos partes. En primera instancia, se exponen los antecedentes anatómicos, religiosos y filosóficos que influyeron a Galeno. Este largo periodo de la historia está dividido a nuestros propósitos en tres etapas: 1) la era pretécnica, donde no hay un conocimiento rudimentario y fundamentalmente derivado de prácticas religiosas. Este periodo llega hasta el siglo VI AC. 2) la ciencia helenística, que abarca los siglos VI a III AC. En esta etapa se gesta y desarrolla la medicina hipocrática, y 3) el periodo que comprende el siglo III AC hasta Galeno.

En cada una de las eras descritas, se analizan y destacan los mayores aportes al conocimiento neuroanatómico de cada cultura.

Palabras clave:
Claudio Galeno
Ventrículos cerebrales
Anatomía
Historia de la Medicina
Abstract

Galen of Pergamon is considered one of the fathers of occidental medicine. Because of cultural and religious precepts at his time, many authors hypothesize that the anatomical concepts of Galen were derived from dissection of monkeys.

In this paper, the authors analyzed the ventricular system, according to the anatomic and functional concepts described by Galen's early work. Knowing that his work was derived and or influenced from other preceding anatomists and physicians (specially Hipocrates of Cos), we present our investigation in two parts. In the first part, we present the influences of previous religious, philosophic, medical and anatomical theories over the galenic work. The “pregalenic era” can be divided in three periods: 1) the pretecnic era (ending in VI BC) in wich the man have only a rudimentary knowledge of human anatomy, 2) the helenistic science (from VI to III BC) and 3) the period comprised between III BC to Galenic period.

In each of the three periods, we analyzed the neuroanatomic knowledge of the most important cultures.

Key words:
Galen
Ventricular system
Anatomy
History of anatomy

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