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Vol. 15. Issue 2.
Pages 159-164 (January 2004)
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Vol. 15. Issue 2.
Pages 159-164 (January 2004)
Adenomas corticotropos silentes: Presentación de dos casos que debutaron con apoplejía hipofísaria
Silent corticotroph adenomas: Presentation of two cases that presented with pituitary apoplexy
A. Lagares
Corresponding author
algadoc@yahoo.com

Correspondencia postal: Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Crta de Andalucía km 5,4. 28041 Madrid.
, P. González, P. Miranda, A. Cabrera, R.D. Lobato
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
A. Ramos*, J.R. Ricoy**
* Servicio de Neurorradiología. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
** Servicio de Neuropatología. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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Resumen

Del conjunto de adenomas de hipófisis tratados quirúrgicamente, en torno al 25–30% no están asociados a hallazgos clínicos o analíticos indicativos de hiperproducción hormonal. Gracias al desarrollo de la inmunohistoquímica se ha demostrado que dentro del conjunto de adenomas, aparentemente no productores, existe un subgrupo que muestra positividad para determinados productos hormonales, denominándose a este subgrupo como adenomas silentes. Los adenomas silentes productores de ACTH presentan una clínica singular y diferenciada de los adenomas causantes de enfermedad de Cushing, al ser con mucha mayor frecuencia macroadenomas, presentarse en forma de apoplejía hipofisaria y con mayor frecuencia ser invasivos y presentar recidivas. Presentamos dos nuevos casos de corticotropinomas silentes en dos enfermas que se presentaron con apoplejía hipofisaria, una de ellas después de llevar a término una gestación normal. Ambas presentaban macroadenomas hipofisarios que invadían el seno esfenoidal. A pesar de presentar ambos tumores inmunorreacción para la producción de ACTH, ninguna de ellas presentaba clínica compatible con enfermedad de Cushing.

Palabras clave:
Adenoma hipofisario
Adenoma silente
Adenoma corticotropo
Apoplejía hipofisaria
ACTH
Summary

Among the group of pituitary adenomas surgically treated, about 25–30% are not associated with clinical or analytical findings of hormonal hypersecretion. The development of immunohistochemical techniques has allowed the demonstration of a subgroup of adenomas that show inmunoreactivity against several hormones among the group of, apparently, non-functioning adenomas. This subgroup has been called silent adenomas. Silent adenomas positive for ACTH show a singular clinical picture and different from those adenomas producing Cushing's disease, as they present more frequently as macroadenomas, with more frequent pituitary apoplexy, invasion of cavernous or sphenoidal sinus and recurrences. We present two new cases of silent corticotroph adenomas in two female patients that presented with pituitary apoplexy, one of them after giving birth after a normal full-term pregnancy. Both of them presented with macroadenomas that invaded the sphenoidal and cavernous sinus. Although both tumors were immunoreactive for ACTH, none of the patients presented clinical or analytical findings compatible with Cushing's disease.

Key words:
Pituitary adenoma
Silent adenoma
Coticotroph cell adenoma
Pituitary apoplexy
ACTH

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