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Vol. 15. Issue 2.
Pages 144-150 (January 2004)
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Vol. 15. Issue 2.
Pages 144-150 (January 2004)
Análisis de la supervivencia global al añadir temozolamida al tratamiento quirúrgico y radioterápico en pacientes con glioblastoma multiforme
Survival analysis following the addition of temozolomide to surgery and radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
J.L. Gil-Salú
, M. López-Escobar
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz
P. Román*, E. Benítez**, E. Maestro***, J. Pérez-Requena***
* Servicio de Oncología Radioterapeútica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz
** Servicio de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz
*** Servicio de Anatomía-Patológica. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz
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Objetivos

Analizar en distintos grupos de pacientes con glioblastoma multiforme (G.M.) el efecto de las distintas terapias (cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia con temozolamida) en su supervivencia.

Método

Es analizada, retrospectivamente, la supervivencia global de 85 pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de G.M. Cada uno de los 4 grupos de pacientes corresponde a un periodo de tiempo distinto y se dividen según el tratamiento efectuado en: grupo 1 (n=12): pacientes no sometidos a ningún tratamiento (salvo corticoides o sintomático); grupo 2 (n=22): pacientes sometidos sólo a tratamiento quirúrgico (serie retrospectiva años 80); grupo 3 (n=24): pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico + radioterapia (grupo de control); grupo 4 (n=27): pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico + radioterapia + quimioterapia con temozolamida (TMZ) (grupo de estudio). Se emplea el método de Kaplan-Meier y el test de Log-Rank para la comparación de curvas de supervivencia.

Resultados

La edad media no mostró diferencia significativa entre los grupos. La media/mediana de la supervivencia en semanas resultó para el grupo 1: 18/16; grupo 2: 23/14; grupo 3: 48/42; grupo 4: 70/64, evidenciando una diferencia significativa el hecho de añadir en el tratamiento radioterapia (grupo 3) al tratamiento quirúrgico (grupo 2) o a la abstención terapéutica (grupo 1), y una diferencia significativa (p<0.001) en la supervivencia al añadir TMZ (grupo 4 de estudio) al tratamiento convencional, hasta la fecha, de cirugía + radioterapia (grupo 3 de control).

Conclusiones

la cirugía por sí misma no aporta mayor supervivencia a los pacientes con G.M., aunque permite el diagnóstico AP, mejorar síntomas y signos atribuibles a la hipertensión intracraneal o la topografía tumor al y reducir el número de células objetivo de tratamientos complementarios. Al añadir radioterapia al tratamiento quirúrgico mejora la supervivencia de los pacientes, así como el tratamiento quimioterápico con TMZ administrada tras la misma añade una mayor supervivencia a los pacientes con G.M.

Palabras clave:
Glioblastoma multiforme
Temozolamida
Radioterapia
Cirugía
Supervivencia
Summary
Objectives

To analyze the effect of different therapies -surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (temozolomide)- on the survival of various groups of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Method

The overall survival of a total of 85 patients with histopathological diagnosis of GBM was analyzed (descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier). Patients were divided into 4 treatment groups: group 1 (n=12), untreated patients (“no treatment” option was chosen by the family); group 2 (n=22), patients undergoing surgery only (retrospective series from the 1980s); group 3 (n=24), patients undergoing surgery + standard radiotherapy (control group, partially effective treatment); group 4 (n=27), patients undergoing surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ]) (current study group).

Results

Mean age (one-way ANOVA) showed no significant difference between the groups. Mean/median survival (weeks) was as follows: group 1, 18/16; group 2, 23/14; group 3, 48/42; group 4, 70/64. The Kaplan-Meier analysis yielded the following 50% survival cut-offs (weeks): group 1, 16.00; group 2, 14.29; group 3, 42.00; group 4, 64.43. This demonstrated a significant difference when radiotherapy (group 3) was added to surgery (group 2) or no treatment (group 1), and a significant difference (p<0.001) in survival when TMZ (group 4) was added to the so far considered as being the standard treatment (group 3: surgery + radiotherapy).

Conclusions

Surgery alone does not result in a higher survival rate for GBM patients. However, surgery allows to establish a histopathological diagnosis, to improve signs and symptoms which are attributable to intracranial hypertension or tumour topography, and to reduce the number of target cells for adjunctive the-rapies. Radiotherapy improves survival and TMZ che-motherapy that is given after radiotherapy adds further survival beneflt for patients.

Key words:
Glioblastoma multiforme
Chemotherapy
Temozolomide
Survival

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