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Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 5-15 (January 2003)
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Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 5-15 (January 2003)
Evaluación del tratamiento microquirúrgico de 121 aneurismas intracraneales
Evaluation of microsurgical treatment in a series of 121 intracraneal aneurysms
F. Morales
, A. Maíllo, J. Hernández, A. Pastor, M. Caballero, J. Gómez Moreta, P. Díaz, D. Santamaría
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca
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Resumen
Objetivo

Los resultados, tanto de morbilidad como de mortalidad, en pacientes con aneurismas intracraneales, son de gran importancia a la hora de presentarle a un enfermo la posibilidad de elegir entre realizar un tratamiento, vía técnica microquirúrgica o endovascular.

La idea de este artículo es, fundamentalmente, dar una información reciente sobre el estado actual del tratamiento microquirúrgico de los aneurismas intracraneales, presentando nuestra experiencia y resultados de los últimos cinco años.

Material y métodos

Se han estudiado 101 pacientes con 121 aneurismas intracraneales que ingresaron de forma consecutiva entre los años de 1996 al 2000, bajo el diagnóstico de hemorragia subaracnoidea. Especial atención se prestó al día de su ingreso en relación con el comienzo de su hemorragia subaracnoidea, grado de Hunt&Hess y a la posibilidad de una cirugía precoz o demorada. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante examen panagiográñco y en algún caso aislado con Angio-TC. Todos fueron intervenidos mediante técnica microquirúrgica y dicho tratamiento fue completado mediante nimodipino, UCI y en algunos casos de sospecha de vaso espasmo postoperatorio, mediante hipervolemia. Su seguimiento fue evaluado mediante angiografía postoperatoria y la GOS.

Resultados

92.1% de los pacientes ingresaron con un grado igual o menor de III en la escala de Hunt&Hess. 80.8% fueron intervenidos en las primeras 72 horas y en el resto se demoró este tratamiento, bien por presentar el enfermo un grado IV ó V de Hunt&Hess o por causas médicas. Cuatro enfermos fallecieron (3.9%). El examen de la GOS a los doce meses de la cirugía mostró que el porcentaje de excelentes o buenos resultados alcanzó un 88.9%.

Conclusión

De acuerdo con los resultados, se puede decir que existe un avance en la mejoría del tratamiento microquirúrgico de los aneurismas intracraneales en general y sobre todo en aquellos pacientes que ingresan de forma inmediata a su sangrado y con buen nivel de conciencia grado I-III de Hunt&Hess).

Por parte de nuestro estudio, la mejoría de los resultados pueden justificarse por: 1° el alto porcentaje de enfermos con HSA ingresados en grado I-III de Hunt&Hess e intervenidos precozmente. 2° la cirugía fue siempre realizada por los mismos dos cirujanos, con larga experiencia en patología vascular cerebral. 3° las medidas tomadas para disminuir la incidencia intra operatoria de rotura aneurismática. 4° el uso de nimodipino, la vigilancia en UCI, la utilidad del doppler y el tratamiento de hipervolemia en casos de sospecha de vaso espasmo o hipotensión postoperatoria.

Palaabras claves:
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Aneurismas cerebrales
Cirugía precoz
Rotura aneurismática
Nimodipino
Abreviaturas:
TC
UCI
GOS
GCS
HSA
PIC
Summary
Objective

The results obtained with therapy of intracranial aneurysms, in terms of morbidity and mortality, are very important when the patient has to choose between microsurgical techniques or endovascular management.

The aim of this paper is to review the information regarding current microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms, and presenting our experience over the last five years.

Material and methods

We studied 101 consecutive patients with 121 intracranial aneurysms admitted between 1996 and 2000 with the initial diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We paid special attention to the day of admission from the onset of the symptomatic hemorrhage to the grade of Hunt&Hess scale and the possibility of early or delayed microsurgical treatment.

The diagnosis was based on four vessels cerebral angiography and in a few cases with CT-angiography. All patients were treated by microsurgical technique and such treatment was completed by nimodipine, intensive care unit management and in some cases of postoperative suspected vasospasm, induced arterial hypertension was applied. Post surgical angiography was carried out in all patients to confirm the clipping of the cerebral aneurysm. The 12 months assessment was based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Results

The 92.1% of the patients were admitted with a grade equal or below III in the Hunt&Hess scale. A 80% were operated within the 72 hours of admission and in the remaining cases, the surgical treatment was delayed due to a grade IV or V or to a medical contra-indication. Four patients died (3.9%). At 12 months follow up, 88.9% presented a score I or II in the GOS.

Conclusion

According to our results, there are a substantial improvements in the microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms, specially in patients admitted early after the onset of the symptoms of their hemorrhage, who have a grade I to III in the Hunt&Hess scale and showed a good level of consciousness.

We think that the improvement of our results are due to: 1° the high percentage of patients admitted with grades I to III. 2° the high percentage of patients operated within the flrst 72 hours from the onset of their symptomatic hemorrhage. 3° surgery was always carried out by the same two experienced vascular neu-rosurgeons. 4° intraoperative measures taken to prevent the rupture of the aneurysm. 5° early administration of nimodipine, ICU management, doppler studies and in seldom cases, induced hypertension therapy to treat the vasospasm and postoperative hypotension.

Key words:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral aneurysm
Early microsurgical treatment
Aneurysm rupture
Nimodipine

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