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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 265-284 (January 2002)
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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 265-284 (January 2002)
Discectomía cervical y artrodesis intersomática mediante técnica de Cloward: Análisis retrospectivo de las complicaciones y los resultados radiológicos en 167 casos
Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion using Cloward procedure: Retrospective analysis of complications and radiologic results in 167 cases
R. Martín
, J.R. Carda, J.I. Pinto, F. Sanz, F. Montiaga, B. Paternina, F. Trigueros, J.M. Izquierdo, A. Vázquez-Barquero
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander
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Resumen
Pacientes y métodos

Se analizan de forma retrospectiva las complicaciones y resultados radiológicos de 167 pacientes intervenidos de forma consecutiva por patología discal o espondilótica del raquis cervical utilizando la técnica de Cloward. Mediante análisis estadístico uni y multivariante se intentan identificar factores de riesgo ligados al desarrollo de complicaciones quirúrgicas o que pudiesen influenciar el resultado radiológico.

Resultados

La cirugía se indicó en el 68% de los pacientes por un cuadro de radiculopatía resistente al tratamiento conservador, y en el 32% restante por mielopatía o mielorradiculopatía. El proceso patológico causante de la clínica fue una hernia discal en el 59% de los pacientes y cambios espondilóticos en el 41%. Los pacientes intervenidos por mielopatía eran una década mayores, presentaban una evolución sintomática más larga y cambios espondilóticos multisegmentarios con mayor frecuencia. Los espacios intervenidos más frecuentemente fueron el C5–C6 (44.3%) y el C6–C7 (30.5%). La mortalidad de la técnica quirúrgica fue del 0.6%, y la morbilidad del 29.3%. La mayor parte de las complicaciones fueron transitorias, aunque en el 4.8% de los pacientes el deterioro neurológico fue definitivo.

Conclusiones

Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en aquellos pacientes afectos de mielopatía de larga evolución, sobre todo si ésta se debía a cambios espondilóticos multisegmentarios, y el paciente presentaba factores de riesgo vascular y era intervenido de más de un espacio. La experiencia y el conocimiento anatómico del cirujano resultan fundamentales a la hora de disminuir las complicaciones quirúrgicas de esta técnica. En el 9.6% de los pacientes se objetivó pseudoartrosis y otro 9.6% desarrolló cifosis postquirúrgica, correlacionándose ambos factores con la necesidad de una segunda cirugía.

Palabras clave:
Artrodesis intersomática
Discectomía cervical
Hernia discal cervical
Mielopatía cervical
Radiculopatía cervical
Abstract
Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of complications and radiological results in 167 patients surgically treated, for discal or spondylotic disease of the cervical spine, with Cloward procedure. Using uni and multivariate analysis, we tried to identify risk factors that might be correlated with surgical complications or radiological results.

Results

Surgical treatment was indicated for cervical radiculopathy in 68% of the patients and for myelopathy or radiculomielopathy in the remaining 32%. The pathologic disease responsible of the symptomatology was soft disk herniation in 59% of the cases and spondylotic changes in 41%. The patients that underwent surgery because of myelopathy were one decade older, had a longer symptomatic period and presented multisegmentary spondylotic disease with higher frequency than patients afected of radiculopathy. The most common segments operated were CS–C6 (44.3%) and C6–C7 (30.5%). Surgical mortality was 0.6% and morbidity 29.3%. Most of the complications were transient, although 4.8% of the patients developed permanent neurological deterioration.

Conclusions

Complications were most commonly seen in the group of the patients undergoing surgery because of long-lasting myelopathy with multisegmentary spondylotic disease, in those with vascular risk factors and in those operated of more than one segment. Surgeon anatomic knowledge and experience are critical for diminishing such complications. Non-union rate was 9.6%, and another 9.6% of the patients developed post-surgical kyphosis. Both factors correlated with the need of re-operation.

Key words:
Cervical discectomy
Cervical dise herniation
Cervical myelopathy
Cervical radiculopathy
Interbody fusion

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