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Vol. 19. Issue 4.
Pages 332-337 (January 2008)
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Vol. 19. Issue 4.
Pages 332-337 (January 2008)
Tumores craneales radioinducidos: serie clínica y revisión de la literatura
Radiation-induced cranial tumors: clinical series and literature review
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J.M. Garbizu
, O. Mateo-Sierra, J.M. Pérez-Calvo, B. Iza, F. Ruiz-Juretschke
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
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Resumen

La inducción de neoplasias constituye una complicación bien conocida, aunque poco frecuente, de la irradiación craneal. Los meningiomas son las neoplasias craneales radioinducidas (RI) más frecuentes, seguidas de los gliomas y los sarcomas, siendo extremadamente raros otros tipos tumorales tales como los hemangioblastomas.

Presentamos 7 pacientes con tumores craneales secundarios a radioterapia, diagnosticados en nuestro hospital entre los años 1990 y 2006. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de sus datos clínicos. Todos los pacientes habían sido irradiados en la infancia como tratamiento de otra enfermedad, y cumplían los criterios de neoplasia RI.

Cuatro pacientes desarrollaron meningiomas, mientras que los 3 restantes presentaron otros tumores (un glioblastomas multiforme, un hemangioblastoma y un osteosarcoma de partes blandas). En los siete casos se logró una resección quirúrgica completa. El diagnóstico preoperatorio basado en resonancia magnética (RM) coincidió con el diagnóstico histológico en seis casos. Los factores de riesgo más importantes para desarrollar una neoplasia RI son, según la literatura, la edad en el momento de la irradiación y la dosis administrada. El diagnóstico diferencial de estas neoplasias se plantea con aquellas lesiones que aparezcan tras la irradiación craneal, especialmente las recidivas, ya que el desarrollo de neoplasias RI constituye una complicación muy poco frecuente. El pronóstico de esta enfermedad, incluso tras resecciones completas, depende del diagnóstico histológico del tumor RI.

Palabras clave:
Tumor radioinducido
Meningioma
Hemangioblastoma radioinducido
Abreviaturas:
RI
RM
RT
Summary

Radiation induced tumors are well-known but rare complications of radiotherapy. Meningiomas are the most common radiation-induced (RI) cranial tumors, followed by gliomas and sarcomas, while other tumors as haemangioblastomas remain extremely exceptional.

We present 7 patients with RI brain tumors diagnosed and treated at our institution between 1990 and 2006. Retrospective review of their clinical charts is supplied. All patients were irradiated during childhood as a treatment for another disease, and fulfilled the criteria of RI neoplasia.

Four patients developed meningiomas and three developed other tumors (one glioblastoma, one softtissue sarcoma and one hemangioblastoma). In all cases a complete surgical removal was achieved. Preoperative assessment based on MRI supplied the correct diagnosis in six patients.

The most important risks factors described in the literature for developing RI tumors are the age at which radiotherapy was administered and the dose of radiation applied. Differential diagnosis of RI tumors includes any tumor appearing after radiotheraphy, especially recurrences of the primary disease, as RI neoplasias are a rare complication. Even in cases with complete surgical resection, prognosis of this clinical entity is basically related to the histology of the RI tumor.

Key words:
Radiation-induced tumor
Meningiomas
Radiation-induced hemangioblastoma

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