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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La t&#233;cnica de localizaci&#243;n estereot&#225;xica dirigida por angiograf&#237;a cerebral&#44; tambi&#233;n llamada angiograf&#237;a estereot&#225;xica&#44; consiste en la obtenci&#243;n de im&#225;genes no paralelas del &#225;rbol vascular cerebral realizando una angiograf&#237;a con la colocaci&#243;n de un marco estereot&#225;xico y localizadores adecuados&#46; El sistema computadorizado de localizaci&#243;n por angiograf&#237;a estereot&#225;xica &#40;ANGIOWIN&#41;&#44; dise&#241;ado en el Centro Internacional de Restauraci&#243;n Neurol&#243;gica es un &#8220;software&#8221; m&#233;dico para la localizaci&#243;n de estructuras vasculares del cerebro&#46; Puede ser utilizado como complemento en abordajes microquir&#250;rgicos guiados por imagen &#40;TAC y RM&#41; Yasistidos por computadora&#44; tales como resecciones de malformaciones arteriovenosas &#40;MAV&#41;&#44; f&#237;stulas durales &#40;car&#243;tido-cavernosas&#41;&#44; tumores cerebrales con patr&#243;n vascular definido y cierre de aneurismas mic&#243;ticos perif&#233;ricos o asociados a hematoma perilesional&#46; La metodolog&#237;a de trabajo consiste en obtener dos im&#225;genes angiogr&#225;ficas cerebrales utilizando la t&#233;cnica de sustracci&#243;n digital durante el transoperatorio de abordajes microquir&#250;rgicos&#46; Una vez obtenidas&#44; &#233;stas son transferidas a una computadora personal donde el sistema calcula la matriz de transformaci&#243;n que relaciona las coordenadas estereot&#225;xicas &#40;3D&#41; de un blanco con su posici&#243;n en el plano de la imagen &#40;2D&#41;&#46; Hecho esto el cirujano puede obtener las coordenadas estereot&#225;xicas de cualquier blanco angiogr&#225;fico de inter&#233;s quir&#250;rgico como pueden ser las arterias aferentes de una MAV&#46; De esta forma&#44; el sistema contribuye a mejorar el trabajo microquir&#250;rgico&#44; facilitando el reconocimiento espacial de estructuras vasculares de inter&#233;s&#46; Esto evita una mayor manipulaci&#243;n y da&#241;o al tejido cerebral circundante&#44; lo cual repercute en una reducci&#243;n del riesgo de complicaciones y en una disminuci&#243;n del tiempo quir&#250;rgico&#46; En este trabajo se presentan las principales caracter&#237;sticas&#44; posibilidades y ventajas del sistema as&#237; como la metodolog&#237;a de trabajo&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The stereotactic localization directed by cerebral angiography&#44; usually stereotactic angiography&#44; consists in obtaining two non-parallel images of the vascular cerebral tree carrying out an angiography with the placement of a stereotactic frame and a set of fiducials markers&#46; The Computarized System for Intraoperative Stereotactic Angiography Localization &#40;ANGIOWIN&#41;&#44; designed at the International Center for Neurological Restoration&#44; is a medical software for the localization of vascular cerebral structures&#46; It can be used as complement in computed-assisted image-guided microsurgical approaches&#44; such as arteriovenous malformations &#40;AVMs&#41; resections&#44; mycotic or haematoma associated aneurysms clipping&#44; vascularized tumors resections&#44; etc&#46; Two angiographic images are obtained using the known DSA method during the intraoperative microsurgical approach&#46; Afterward&#44; they are transferred to a personal computer and the projections of fiducial markers are used to calculate a homogeneous transformation matrix that relates the 3D frame coordinate of a target to its projected position in the image planeo Then&#44; the neurosurgeon can obtain the stereotactic coordinates of any angiographic target like AVM feeding arteries&#46; In this way&#44; the system contributes to improve the microsurgical approach&#44; facilitating the spatial recognition of vascular structures&#46; This fact&#44; avoids more manipulation and damage to the surrounding cerebral tissue&#44; which rebounds in a reduction of the complications risk and in a decrease of the surgical time&#46; In this work the principal characteristics&#44; possibilities and advantages of its use are introduced&#44; as well as the work methodology&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Guerra Figueredo&#44; E&#46;&#59; L&#243;pez Flores&#44; G&#46;&#59; Teijeiro Amador&#44; J&#46;&#59; Ochoa Zald&#237;var&#44; L&#46;&#59; Jord&#225;n&#44; J&#46;&#59; Ugarte&#44; C&#46;&#58; Sistema computadorizado de localizaci&#243;n por angiograf&#237;a estereot&#233;xica transoperatoria como gu&#237;a en abordajes microquir&#250;rgicos&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 1999&#59; 10&#58; 284&#8211;290&#46;</p>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 10. Issue 4.
Pages 284-289 (January 1999)
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Vol. 10. Issue 4.
Pages 284-289 (January 1999)
Sistema computadorizado de localización por angiografía estereotáxica transoperatoria como guía en abordajes microquirúrgicos
Computarized system for intraoperative stereotactic angiography localization
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E. Guerra Figueredo, G. López Flores, J. Teijeiro Amador, L. Ochoa Zaldívar
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN). La Habana. Cuba
J. Jordan*, C. Ugarte*
* Servicio de Radiología. Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ). La Habana. Cuba
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Resumen

La técnica de localización estereotáxica dirigida por angiografía cerebral, también llamada angiografía estereotáxica, consiste en la obtención de imágenes no paralelas del árbol vascular cerebral realizando una angiografía con la colocación de un marco estereotáxico y localizadores adecuados. El sistema computadorizado de localización por angiografía estereotáxica (ANGIOWIN), diseñado en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica es un “software” médico para la localización de estructuras vasculares del cerebro. Puede ser utilizado como complemento en abordajes microquirúrgicos guiados por imagen (TAC y RM) Yasistidos por computadora, tales como resecciones de malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV), fístulas durales (carótido-cavernosas), tumores cerebrales con patrón vascular definido y cierre de aneurismas micóticos periféricos o asociados a hematoma perilesional. La metodología de trabajo consiste en obtener dos imágenes angiográficas cerebrales utilizando la técnica de sustracción digital durante el transoperatorio de abordajes microquirúrgicos. Una vez obtenidas, éstas son transferidas a una computadora personal donde el sistema calcula la matriz de transformación que relaciona las coordenadas estereotáxicas (3D) de un blanco con su posición en el plano de la imagen (2D). Hecho esto el cirujano puede obtener las coordenadas estereotáxicas de cualquier blanco angiográfico de interés quirúrgico como pueden ser las arterias aferentes de una MAV. De esta forma, el sistema contribuye a mejorar el trabajo microquirúrgico, facilitando el reconocimiento espacial de estructuras vasculares de interés. Esto evita una mayor manipulación y daño al tejido cerebral circundante, lo cual repercute en una reducción del riesgo de complicaciones y en una disminución del tiempo quirúrgico. En este trabajo se presentan las principales características, posibilidades y ventajas del sistema así como la metodología de trabajo.

Palabras Clave:
Angiografía estereotáxica
Neurocirugía asistida por computadora
Malformaciones arteriovenosas
Summary

The stereotactic localization directed by cerebral angiography, usually stereotactic angiography, consists in obtaining two non-parallel images of the vascular cerebral tree carrying out an angiography with the placement of a stereotactic frame and a set of fiducials markers. The Computarized System for Intraoperative Stereotactic Angiography Localization (ANGIOWIN), designed at the International Center for Neurological Restoration, is a medical software for the localization of vascular cerebral structures. It can be used as complement in computed-assisted image-guided microsurgical approaches, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) resections, mycotic or haematoma associated aneurysms clipping, vascularized tumors resections, etc. Two angiographic images are obtained using the known DSA method during the intraoperative microsurgical approach. Afterward, they are transferred to a personal computer and the projections of fiducial markers are used to calculate a homogeneous transformation matrix that relates the 3D frame coordinate of a target to its projected position in the image planeo Then, the neurosurgeon can obtain the stereotactic coordinates of any angiographic target like AVM feeding arteries. In this way, the system contributes to improve the microsurgical approach, facilitating the spatial recognition of vascular structures. This fact, avoids more manipulation and damage to the surrounding cerebral tissue, which rebounds in a reduction of the complications risk and in a decrease of the surgical time. In this work the principal characteristics, possibilities and advantages of its use are introduced, as well as the work methodology.

Key Words:
Stereotactic angiography
Computed-assisted neurosurgery
Arteriovenous malformations

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