Journal Information
Vol. 11. Issue 2.
Pages 82-88 (January 2000)
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Vol. 11. Issue 2.
Pages 82-88 (January 2000)
La simbiosis neurocirugía-psicología en el origen de la neuropsicología clínica
The symbiosis between neurosurgery-psychology in the origin of the clinical neuropsychology
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Carme Junqué, Maria Mataró
Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicobiología Clínica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona
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Resumen

En el presente trabajo se revisan las principales interacciones entre la Neurocirugía y la Psicología que dieron lugar al nacimiento de las Neuropsicología Clínica como especialidad de la Psicología. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas para tratar tumores y epilepsias rebeldes, practicadas esencialmente en la décadas 50–60, implicaron la necesidad de valorar correctamente las funciones cerebrales complejas. Así, tuvieron que idearse nuevas pruebas para explorar distintos aspectos de la atención, percepción, memoria, lenguaje y razonamiento y se adaptaron técnicas procedentes de la psicología experimental (audición dicótica, presentación taquistoscópica, etc) para la valoración de las funciones hemisféricas. El estudio de pacientes con lobectómías, hemisferectomías y callosotomías permitió el conocimiento científico de las funciones cognitivas del hemisferio derecho y del lóbulo frontal, así como el fraccionamiento de los distintos tipos de memoria. Finalmente, en la década de los 80, en los EEUU de América y el Canadá, se reconoció la Neuropsicología Clínica como una nueva especialidad de la Psicología.

Palabras Clave:
Neuropsicologia
Neurocirugía
revisión
historia
funciones cognitivas
Summary

In the present work the main interactions between Neurosurgery and Psychology regarding the origin of Clinical Neuropsychology were reviewed. Surgical interventions for the treatment of tumours and epilepsy, performed in the 50th–60th, required the correct assessment of complex cerebral functions. Thus, emerged new tests to investigated the different aspects of attention, perception, memory, language and abstract reasoning. In addition, several techniques from experimental psychology were introduced (Le., dichotic listening, tachistoscopic presentation, etc) in order to explore hemispheric differences. The study of patients with lobectomies, hemispherectomies, and calIosotomies allowed the scientific knowledge of cognitive functions of right hemisphere, frontal lobe, and also to establish the dissociation of memory. FinalIy, in the 80th, in USA the Clinical Neuropsychology was recognized as a new specialty in Psychology.

Key Words:
Neuropsychology
Neurosurgery
review
history
cognitive function

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