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Vol. 21. Issue 3.
Pages 228-231 (January 2010)
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Vol. 21. Issue 3.
Pages 228-231 (January 2010)
Diagnosis of central nervous system infection by CSF sampling of the myelomeningocele sac as an alternative to ventricular tap
Diagnóstico de infección del SNC mediante estudio del LCR del saco del mielomeningocele como alternativa a la punción ventricular
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M. Kaplan
Corresponding author
mtkaplan02@yahoo.com.tr

Corresponding autor: Firat Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi, Norosirurji AD, Firat Tip Merkezi, 23200, Elazig, Turkiye.
, N. Ucler, F.S. Erol
Firat University, Department of Neurosurgery, Elazig
F. Bayrakli*
* Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul
B. Duz**
** Gulhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara. Turkiye
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Article information
Summary
Background

Infection significantly affects mortality and morbidity in myelomeningocele cases. Ventricular tap is the most common method performed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) infection in myelomeningocele patients. However, the ventricular tap can cause serious trauma to the baby and to the family. Here we discuss the technique of taking a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample from the sac in myelomeningocele cases.

Methods

The study comprised 24 myelomeningocele patients undergoing sac repair; 7 patients in the early period and 17 in the late period (after the first 24 hours). CSF samples were taken from the sac and via ventricular tap. In all patients’ samples, cell count and cultures were compared.

Results

In patients who underwent early meningomyelocele repair there was no significant difference between sac and ventricular CSF. There were also no positive cultures in samples taken from both areas. In comparison, in the group submitted to late repair, the number of cells in the sac and ventricle CSF samples was over 10 in 4 of the 17 patients. The cultures from CSF samples taken from both areas were positive for E. coli. In 13 of 17 patients who were admitted to our clinic for late repair, there was no significant difference between the number of cells in the sac and in ventricular samples. Cultures taken from these patients were negative.

Conclusion

Puncture of the sac represents a quicker and more convenient way to obtain CSF in myelomeningocele cases. In addition, there was no increase in pain to a level that would cause stress for the baby. A CSF sample can be taken from the sac for diagnosis of CNS infection in myelomeningocele patients. This method, therefore, represents a safer and more comfortable option for both the patient and doctor.

Key words:
CNS infection
Cerebrospinal fluid
Myelomeningocele
Ventricular tap
Abreviaturas:
CNS
CSF
Resumen
Fundamentos

La infección de LCR afecta significativamente la mortalidad y morbilidad en pacientes con mielomeningocele. La punción ventricular es la técnica más frecuentemente utilizada para detectar infección del SNC en los casos de mielomeningocele. Sin embargo, la punción ventricular puede causar un grave estrés tanto para el niño como para la familia. En nuestro estudio, presentamos la técnica y resultados del examen de LCR obtenido a partir del saco del mielomeningocele.

Pacientes y métodos

El estudio comprende 24 pacientes con mielomeningocele sometidos a cierre quirúrgico de la malformación, 7 pacientes con reparación precoz y 17 con cirugía tardía (después de las primeras 24 horas). Las muestras de LCR fueron obtenidas del saco de la malformación y de los ventrículos mediante punción ventricular. Se compararon los resultados del recuento de células y los cultivos realizados a todos los pacientes.

Resultados

En los pacientes operados precozmente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el LCR lumbar y ventricular. Tampoco se obtuvieron cultivos positivos en las muestras tomadas de ambas áreas. En los operados después de las primeras 24 horas, el recuento de células del LCR del saco y del ventrículo fue alrededor de 10 en 4 de los 17 pacientes. Se obtuvieron cultivos positivos (E. coli) de las muestras de LCR tomadas de ambas áreas. En 13 de 17 pacientes que fueron admitidos a nuestra clínica para reparación tardía, no hubo una diferencia significativa entre el número de células del saco y del LCR ventricular. Los cultivos de LCR obtenidos en estos pacientes fueron negativos.

Conclusión

Las muestras obtenidas a partir del saco del mielomeningocele representan un método más rápido y conveniente para obtener LCR en casos de mielomeningocele. Además, la punción no ocasiona aumento de dolor a un nivel que pueda causar estrés para el niño. Las muestras de LCR pueden ser obtenidas del saco de la malformación para el diagnóstico de infección del SNC en casos de mielomeningocele. Este método por consiguiente representa una opción segura y confortable para el paciente y el médico.

Palabras clave:
Infección del SNC
Líquido cefalorraquídeo
Mielomeningocele
Punción ventricular

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